Printed on the plate
“Maria's Woodpecker, Three-toed Woodpecker, Phillips' Woodpecker, Canadian Woodpecker, Harris's Woodpecker, Audubon's Woodpecker”
Modern identification
Figure 1–2, 5–7
Printed “Maria's Woodpecker, Phillips' Woodpecker, Canadian Woodpecker”
Leuconotopicus villosus
- Certain
- Woodpeckers · Picidae
Why
Maria's (Picus martini, figs. 1–2, Toronto), Phillips' (P. phillipsii, figs. 5–6, yellow-crowned young from Massachusetts) and Canadian (P. canadensis, fig. 7) Woodpeckers are all today's Hairy Woodpecker, the eastern nominate bird, as Ridgway lists them. The plain Hairy is plate 416, figs. 1–2
Sources
engraved legend; Ridgway, Birds of North and Middle America vi (1914); audubon.org; Wikimedia Commons; the plate
Figure 8–9
Printed “Harris's Woodpecker”
Leuconotopicus villosus
- Certain
- Shown as a subspecies
- Woodpeckers · Picidae
Why
Audubon's “Harris's Woodpecker” (Picus harrisi, figs. 8–9), from the Columbia River, is the Pacific race of today's Hairy Woodpecker, L. v. harrisi, named on this plate; the figures show its smoky-buff underparts and sparse wing spots
Sources
engraved legend; Audubon, Ornithological Biography v (1839); Ridgway, Birds of North and Middle America vi (1914); the plate
Figure 10
Printed “Audubon's Woodpecker”
Leuconotopicus villosus
- Certain
- Shown as a subspecies
- Woodpeckers · Picidae
Why
Audubon's “Audubon's Woodpecker” (Picus auduboni Trudeau, fig. 10), described from near New Orleans, is a yellow-crowned young bird of the southern race of today's Hairy Woodpecker, L. v. audubonii, where Ridgway lists Trudeau's type
Sources
engraved legend; Ridgway, Birds of North and Middle America vi (1914); the plate
Figure 3–4
Printed “Three-toed Woodpecker”
American Three-toed Woodpecker
Picoides dorsalis
- Certain
- Woodpeckers · Picidae
Why
Audubon's “Three-toed Woodpecker” (Picus hirsutus, figs. 3–4) is today's American Three-toed Woodpecker
Sources
audubon.org; Wikimedia Commons; Boston Public Library (Digital Commonwealth), figure lettering
Who made the plate
Drawn from Nature by J. J. Audubon, F. R. S. F. L. S.Engraved, Printed and Coloured by Robt. Havell, 1838.
- John James Audubon drew
- Robert Havell Jr. engraved, printed and coloured
As the credit line gives it. More on who made these plates.
